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CHEMISTRY FORM 2
1. STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM, AND THE PERIODIC TABLE
- 1.1 Structure of the atom
- 1.2 Atomic Number and Mass Number
- 1.3 Isotopes
- 1.4 Energy levels and electron arrangement
- 1.5 Development of the Periodic Table
- 1.6 Relative Atomic Mass and Isotopes
- 1.7 Ion Formation
- 1.8 Chemical Formulae
- 1.9 Chemical Equations
2. CHEMICAL FAMILIES AND PATTERNS IN PROPERTIES
- 2.1 Alkali metals (Group I elements)
- 2.2 Alkali Earth Metals (Group II elements)
- 2.3 Halogens (Group VII elements)
- 2.4 Noble gases (Group VIII elements)
- 2.5 Properties and Trends Across the Periodic Table
3. CHEMICAL BONDING AND STRUCTURE
- 3.1 Bond
- 3.2 Ionic bond
- 3.3 Giant ionic structure
- 3.4 Covalent bond
- 3.5 Co-ordinate bond
- 3.6 Molecular structures
- 3.7 Giant covalent structures
- 3.8 Metallic Bond
- 3.9 Types of bond across a period
- 3.10 Oxides of elements in Period 3
- 3.11 Chlorides of Period 3 elements
4. SALTS
- 4.1 What is a salt?
- 4.2 Types of salt
- 4.3 Solubility of salts in water
- 4.4 Methods of preparing salts
- 4.4.1 Reacting a Metal with an Acid
- 4.4.2 Reacting an Acid with a Base (Neutralization)
- 4.4.3 Reacting an Acid with a Carbonate (or hydrogencarbonate of metal)
- 4.4.4 Combining elements Directly (Direct Combination of elements)
- 4.4.5 Precipitation (Double decomposition)
- 4.5 Action of heat on salts
- 4.6 Uses of salts
5. EFFECT OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES
- 5.1 Electrical conduction
- 5.2 Electrical conductivity of molten substances
- 5.3 Electrical conductivity of substances in aqueous state
- 5.4 Electrolysis
- 5.5 Applications of electrolysis
6. CARBON AND SOME OF ITS COMPOUNDS
- 6.1 Allotropes of carbon
- 6.2 Chemical properties of carbon
- 6.3 Carbon (IV) oxide
- 6.4 Carbon (II) oxide (CO)
- 6.5 Large scale production of sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogencarbonate
- 6.6 Effect of carbon (II) oxide and carbon (IV) oxide on the environment
- 6.7 Carbon cycle
Content developer
Salts: Methods of preparing salts
4.0 Salts
4.4 Methods of preparing salts
The following are some of the reactions learnt in Sections 3.3 to 3.5 (Acids and Bases) of the previous volume, and Sections 2.1 to 2.2 (reaction of alkali metals and alkali earth metals with chlorine) of this volume. But they are all in chemical rather than word equations.
Questions 4.4
- Complete the equations numbered (b), (c), (e), (f), (h), (i) and (k).
- Name the salts produced in (a) to (f) and (h) to (i).
- From the equations, identify four methods to prepare salts.
NB:Use the following guide to indicate the correct state symbols.
- PbSO4, BaSO4, AgCl, and all carbonates except of Na+, K+, NH4+ are insoluble.
- All oxides and hydroxides of metals, except of Na+, K+, and NH4+ are insoluble.
- State symbol is (aq) for soluble and (s) for insoluble substances.
Answers to Questions 4.4
Salts can be prepared by:
- Reacting Metal with an Acid
- Reacting Acid with a Base (metal oxide or hydroxide)
- Reacting Acid with a Carbonate (or hydrogencarbonate)
- Combining elements Directly (metal with a non-metal other than oxygen)
- Double Decomposition
The following diagram may help us remember these methods.
Figure 4.4 Methods of preparing salts