CHEMISTRY LEVEL 3

• 1.1 Boyle's Law
• 1.2 Charles'law
• 1.3 Combined gas law
• 1.4 Standard conditions
• 1.5 Diffusion and Graham's law

• 2.1 Relative Mass
• 2.2 Atoms, Molecules and Moles
• 2.3 Compounds and the mole
• 2.4 Empirical and Molecular formula
• 2.5 Concentration of a solution
• 2.6 Molar solutions
• 2.7 Preparation of molar solutions
• 2.8 Dilution of a solution
• 2.9 Stoichiometry of chemical reactions
• 2.10 Volumetric analysis
• 2.11 Titration
• 2.12 Redox titration
• 2.13 Atomicity and molar gas volume
• 2.14 Combining volumes of gases

• 3.1 Alkanes
• 3.1.1 Formulae of alkanes
• 3.1.2 Cracking of alkanes
• 3.1.3 Nomenclature (systematic naming) of alkanes
• 3.1.4 Isomerism in alkanes
• 3.1.5 Laboratory preparation of alkanes
• 3.1.6 Physical properties of alkanes
• 3.1.7 Chemical properties of alkanes
• 3.1.8 Uses of alkanes
• 3.2 Alkenes
• 3.2.1 Nomenclature of alkenes
• 3.2.2 Isomerism in alkenes
• 3.2.3 Laboratory preparation of ethene
• 3.2.4 Physical properties of alkenes
• 3.2.5 Chemical properties of alkenes
• 3.2.6 Test for alkenes
• 3.2.7 Uses of alkenes
• 3.3 Alkynes
• 3.3.1 Nomenclature of alkynes
• 3.3.2 Isomerism in alkynes
• 3.3.3 Laboratory preparation of ethyne
• 3.3.4 Physical properties of alkynes
• 3.3.5 Chemical properties of alkynes
• 3.3.6 Test for alkynes
• 3.3.7 Uses of alkynes
• 3.4 Recommended practice of topic summary

• 4.1 Extraction of nitrogen from air
• 4.2.1 Laboratory preparation of nitrogen gas from the air
• 4.2.2 Laboratory preparation of nitrogen gas from ammonium nitrite ((NH₄NO₂))
• 4.2.3 Uses of nitrogen
• 4.3 Oxides of nitrogen
• 4.3.1 Nitrogen (I) oxide
• 4.3.2 Nitrogen (II) oxide
• 4.3.3 Nitrogen (IV) oxide
• 4.4.1 Laboratory preparation of ammonia
• 4.4.2 Solubility of ammonia in water
• 4.4.3 Reactions of aqueous ammonia (ammonia solution)
• 4.4.4 Reactions of ammonia gas
• 4.4.5 Industrial manufacture of ammonia: The Haber Process
• 4.4.6 Uses of ammonia
• 4.4.7 Nitrogenous fertilizers
• 4.5.1 Laboratory preparation of nitric (V) acid
• 4.5.2 Industrial manufacture of nitric (V) acid
• 4.5.3 Reactions of dilute nitric (V) acid
• 4.5.4 Reactions of concentrated nitric (V) acid
• 4.5.5 Uses of nitric (V) acid
• 4.6.1 Action of heat on nitrates
• 4.6.2 Test for nitrates (nitrate ions, NO₃^-)
• 4.6.3 Air pollution by nitrogen compounds
• 4.7 Summary on nitrogen and its compounds

• 5.0 Sulphur and its Compounds
• 5.1.1 Extraction of sulphur
• 5.1.2 Allotropes of sulphur
• 5.1.3 Physical properties of sulphur
• 5.1.4 Chemical properties of sulphur
• 5.2.1 Preparation of sulphur (IV) oxide
• 5.2.2 Physical properties of sulphur (IV) oxide
• 5.2.3 Chemical properties of sulphur (IV) oxide
• 5.2.4 Reducing action of sulphur (IV) oxide
• 5.2.5 Oxidization of SO₂ to SO₃
• 5.2.6 Oxidizing action of sulphur (IV) oxide
• 5.2.7 Test for sulphite (SO₃^2-) and sulphate (SO₄^2-) ions
• 5.2.8 Uses of sulphur (IV) oxide
• 5.3 Large scale (industrial) manufacture of sulphuric (VI) acid
• 5.3.1 Physical properties of concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid
• 5.3.2 Chemical properties of concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid
• 5.3.3 Reactions of dilute sulphuric (VI) acid
• 5.4 Hydrogen sulphide
• 5.4.1 Chemical properties of hydrogen sulphide
• 5.4.2 Air pollution by compounds of sulphur
• 5.5 Summary on sulphur and its compounds

• 6.1 Occurrence of chlorine
• 6.2 Laboratory preparation of chlorine
• 6.3 Physical properties of chlorine
• 6.4 Chemical properties of chlorine
• 6.5 Oxidizing properties of chlorine
• 6.6 Reaction of chlorine with alkaline solutions
• 6.7 Test for chloride ions
• 6.8 Uses of chlorine and its compounds
• 6.9 Preparation of hydrogen chloride gas
• 6.10 Physical properties of hydrogen chloride
• 6.11 Chemical properties of hydrogen chloride
• 6.12 Industrial manufacture of hydrochloric acid
• 6.13 Uses of hydrochloric acid

• A guide to chemical tests based on this module

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